Franchise na franchisee nibisobanuro bifitanye isano cyane. Niba ushishikajwe na francise, noneho iyo ubonye uhinduka francisee. Ubu ni ubucuruzi bwunguka cyane, mugushyira mubikorwa ukeneye gukurikiza gusa amategeko kandi utangwa namabwiriza ya francise. Ntugomba kuzana ikintu gishya, kongera guhimba inzira yubucuruzi, gukora ibindi bikorwa bigoye. Birakenewe gusa kugura ubucuruzi bwiteguye, bwitwa francise. Umu francisee numuntu ufite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ibikoresho isosiyete ikomeye yose ikoresha mukubaka ubucuruzi.

Ntugomba kuzana ikintu icyo aricyo cyose uhereye, ukeneye gukoresha igitekerezo cyiteguye. Mubyongeyeho, izina rimaze kumenyekana, bivuze ko ibiciro byo kongera urwego rwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byagabanutse cyane.

Mu rwego rwa francise, francisee igomba kugeza kubaguzi bayo gusa ko ibiro byahagarariye ibikorwa byaho byafunguwe mukarere. Nibihendutse cyane kuruta kumenyekanisha ikirango kitazwi guhera. Ubufaransa bushobora kuba ikawa ugura hafi ya cafe mugitondo, iduka ugura, pizzeria ifite izina ryisi kandi iherereye mubaturanyi b’umuguzi waho.

Ubufaransa buri hose kandi bugenda bwiyongera mubyamamare. Ubucuruzi bwiteguye gufungura icyitegererezo cya francise yemerera francisee gushora gusa umutungo wimari waboneka muburyo bwubucuruzi bumaze kugeragezwa kandi bukora. Ukeneye gusa gushyira mubikorwa neza bitangwa na francise. Franchisee ntakintu nakimwe ishobora guhura nacyo, kubera ko hari ubucuruzi bwihishe inyuma, ikirango kizwi, uburambe bunini bwakusanyirijwe mumyaka myinshi cyangwa imyaka mirongo yibikorwa bikomeye.

Franchising irangwa nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwamamara mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose. Umuntu uhisemo kuba francisee arashobora gushora imari mumikoreshereze yimari, gushaka abakozi ukurikije ibipimo, kubaka inzira zubucuruzi, no kubona ibisubizo. Ndetse nibicuruzwa akenshi biva mubihugu bikomokamo franchise. Ibi biroroshye cyane kuko ushobora kuzigama umurimo nubutunzi. Ntabwo ari ngombwa gushyiraho ingamba cyangwa gukora ku kirango. Ibi byose bimaze kuboneka kuri wewe kandi bisigaye ni ugutangiza moderi ya biz yiteguye rwose izana umutungo wamafaranga nka bonus.

Umufaransa washoboye gukoresha neza francise yaguzwe, ahabwa igice kinini cyumutungo wamafaranga afite. Ingingo ya franchise iganirwaho muburyo butaziguye nuwabitanze kandi birashobora kuba bitandukanye. Kurugero, urashobora guhora ukuramo umugabane winyungu, cyangwa urashobora kumvikana kubindi bisabwa, byose biterwa na nyir'ikimenyetso cyakoreshejwe.

Birahagije gusa kugura francise no gukoresha uburambe bwose bwungutse nabasekuruza babanjirije abantu iyo bigeze kubirango bishaje. Ugomba kwitonda cyane ukirinda amakosa kuko ibitagenda neza mugushinga francise birashobora kugaragara hanyuma francisee yakira ibibazo aho kubyunguka. Ariko ibi ntabwo aribintu bisanzwe cyane, kubwibyo, ugomba kwibanda kubikorwa byukuri byo mubikorwa byo mubiro.

Kurikiza francise no kongeramo ibyongeweho murwego rwo guhatanira isosiyete yawe. Nyuma ya byose, francises nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwaho, mugihe, urugero, muri McDonald bagurisha pancake niba iherereye muburusiya. Niba francise ihuye na McDonald ifunguye kubutaka bwa Qazaqistan, noneho cafe-ibiryo byihuse itanga amahitamo ya burger arimo inyama zifarashi kubaturage.

Umupira wamaguru wumupira wamaguru nigikorwa gifatika, mugutezimbere ushobora guhura nibibazo bitandukanye. Imikoranire na francise neza bishoboka kugirango ubone amakuru yose ukeneye. Niba uri umufana wumupira wamaguru, hitamo inzira nziza yo gukorana na francisor. Uzashobora gukora ibikorwa byawe ubishoboye kandi kurwego rwo hejuru rwumwuga. Ariko, ntabwo ari ngombwa kuba umufana wumupira wamaguru niba ukora muriki gice. Ibi birashobora kuba inyungu yinyongera.

Erega inyungu za rwiyemezamirimo zigira uruhare runini. Ingorane zubwoko butandukanye zirashobora kuvuka mugihe cyakazi hamwe na francise yumupira wamaguru. Kugira ngo ubitsinde, ugomba kubimenya neza. Kugirango ukore ibi, uzakenera gutondekanya ibyago n'amahirwe. Ibi bizatanga igitekerezo cyukuntu wabikoresha kubwinyungu zumushinga. Niba ushaka guteza imbere umupira wamaguru, noneho ugomba kwiga amategeko yose yaho. Noneho ntuzahura ningorane zitunguranye.

Ingingo zose zitavugwaho rumwe zirashobora gutsinda. Kora umupira wawe wumupira kugirango winjize amafaranga menshi. Nyuma ya byose, uzakenera gukorana na francisor mumwohereza kugeza 9% yinjiza buri kwezi.

Iyo ukorana na francise yumupira wamaguru, ni ngombwa ko umenya neza ingaruka ushobora guhura nazo. Ibi bizatanga ubuyobozi bwuburyo bwo kubitsinda neza. Kora nurwego ntarengwa rwo gukora neza hanyuma, uzahora utsinze. Kwiga amakuru agezweho bizatanga igitekerezo cyukuntu ukora neza. Iterambere rikenewe rirashobora gukorwa. Korana numushinga wumupira wamaguru kugirango ushimishe abakiriya.

Ibi bizaguha urujya n'uruza rwabakiriya bashya. Gutezimbere umupira wamaguru birashobora guhura nibibazo byoroshye. Abanywanyi barashobora kubaha. Bake mubakurwanya bazemera ko ufata isoko ryabo. Kumenya francise yumupira wamaguru nakazi katoroshye ko mu biro. Mugihe cyakazi hamwe na francise, ntugomba kugira ingorane na gahunda yingenzi. Ganira nabakiriya bawe mu kinyabupfura kandi neza bishoboka.

Abakozi bakeneye guhugurwa muribi. Ugomba kandi guhangayikishwa nigiciro cyabakozi niba ukoresha umupira wamaguru. Guhuriza hamwe hamwe nubucuruzi buzwi kandi bwatsinze bizatuma bishoboka gukurura byoroshye umubare munini wabakiriya.

Ubufaransa. Ibikorwa byuburezi bizahinduka inzira nyayo yo kuva mubihe byubu mugihe bigoye gufata igitekerezo wenyine ukakizana mubisubizo byiza hamwe ninyungu. Muri francise yurwego rwuburezi, abakiriya benshi bazashobora gutangira ibikorwa byo kwihangira imirimo, bahabwe umushinga witeguye gukoreshwa ningamba. Kuri francise, nibyiza cyane guhitamo icyerekezo, muriki gihe, bizaba bijyanye nibikorwa byuburezi. Kugeza ubu, abakiriya benshi bagura francise yiteguye, ishobora gutezwa imbere muburyo bwigenga, ikuraho burundu ingaruka nibibazo bitandukanye. Birakwiye ko twerekana ko ikiguzi cyinshi kuri francise yuburezi, nini kandi yizeza ikirango cyiyi sosiyete.

Ku cyiciro cyambere, umaze guhitamo uruganda, birasabwa gukora inama mugihe cyayo, birakenewe ko tuganira kuburyo burambuye ibisobanuro byose nibisobanuro byubufatanye. Ibikurikira, uzashobora gusuzuma urutonde rusabwa rwinyandiko, zakozwe muburyo burambuye nabakozi babishoboye babikora. Urashobora gukenera kunyura mumahugurwa atandukanye yo kwamamaza no kwamamaza kubakiriya, kuba ahari bizafasha cyane kuzamura urwego rwo kugurisha byinshi. Buri gihe ufite amahirwe yo kuvugana ninzobere mubirango kubibazo byose waba ufite bijyanye na francise yicyerekezo cyuburezi, kugirango tuganire neza kubiganiro runaka. Kuva kera byagaragaye ko byoroshye guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwashizweho binyuze muri francise yabakozi bashinzwe uburezi kuruta gutangira ibikorwa byo kwihangira imirimo guhera wenyine. Ubufaransa bushobora kugurwa gusa kubwuburezi gusa ariko no mubijyanye no gukora ibicuruzwa, ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa, no gutanga serivisi. Kuri francise yuburezi, abakiriya bafite icyerekezo muburyo bwa serivisi bazashobora gushyira mubikorwa ibitekerezo byabo.

Abakiriya bazanyurwa no guhitamo ikirango kuva inzira yiterambere yose yuwabikoze izagira uruhare mubikorwa byakazi hamwe no kongera igipimo cya serivisi. Uzashobora guteza imbere cyane uburezi bwuburezi, bufite imiterere yakazi hamwe no kugera kurwego mpuzamahanga.

Ishuri ryumupira wamaguru ni umushinga wubucuruzi ushobora kubyara inyungu, ariko wuzuyemo ingorane ningaruka zimwe. Kugabanya umubare wibyago bikugarije, birakenewe kwitegura hakiri kare no gukora ibikorwa byisesengura. Gukorana na francise bitanga amahirwe yo gukora ikirango cyiza kandi kizwi kwisi yose. Ariko urutonde rwibyiza byo gukora francise ntabwo rugarukira kuriyi. Kurugero, niba ushaka kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa gutanga serivise munsi yikimenyetso kiva mumahanga, uhabwa kandi amakuru atandukanye kugirango ufate icyemezo gikwiye cyo kuyobora. Ubwa mbere, mugihe ugurisha francise yumupira wamaguru, urashobora kubara kumakuru agezweho.

Irashobora gukoreshwa neza kandi neza mukubaka ubucuruzi bwawe bushingiye kubuhanga buhanitse. Ishuri ryumupira wamaguru rigomba kwamamazwa niba ukora mwizina ryawe cyangwa mwizina ryikirango kizwi. Iri ni itegeko risanzwe, niyo waba ukora mu izina ryamasosiyete azwi kwisi yose, ugomba gutangaza ko winjiye kumasoko.

Niba uhisemo gutangiza ishuri ryumupira wamaguru kuri francise, noneho ugomba guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwubucuruzi. Urashobora kuvugana nishuri ryihariye rya francise cyangwa ububiko bwo guhanahana izina rimwe. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo, buri kimwe gifite umwihariko wacyo. Guhitamo ishuri ryumupira wamaguru cyangwa ikigo cya francise, ugomba kandi kwibuka ko bisaba amafaranga runaka. Ubwa mbere, mugihe ushyira mubikorwa umushinga, usanzwe mugitangira ugomba kwishyura kugeza 11% byumubare wimari wiyemeje gukoresha. Byongeye, mugihe cyo gusohoza ishuri ryumupira wamaguru francise, wishyura ubwoko bubiri bwintererano buri kwezi.

Icya mbere muribi cyitwa royalties, kandi ingano yacyo irashobora kugera kuri 6% yumushinga winjiza. Mubyongeyeho, hari icyo bita ibikorwa byo kwamamaza umusanzu kurwego rwisi. Iyo ukora ubucuruzi bwishuri ryumupira wamaguru, iyi nshingano nayo igomba kwitabwaho. Umubare w'amafaranga yo kwamamaza arashobora gutandukana kandi kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 3% yumubare wamafaranga washoboye kubona nkinjiza cyangwa ibicuruzwa mugihe cyukwezi. Korana na centre yumupira wamaguru kandi wunguke irushanwa nka rwiyemezamirimo watsinze isi.

Gutanga francise mubice nka Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, kwisi yose, ni hafi gutera imbere kandi neza mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Ku bufatanye n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’aba francising (IFA), buri minota 8 yumunsi wakazi, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika hashyirwaho iduka rishya rya francise, aho isoko rimwe gusa rifunga ibigo icyenda bifunguye. Intangiriro yicyiciro cyo gushinga francise biz ya none muri Amerika igwa mubihe byintambara nyuma yintambara ya kabiri yisi yose. Intambara irangiye, ubukungu bw’Amerika bwatangiye guhinduka kuva mu bicuruzwa by’ibikoresho bya gisirikare bihinduka ubukungu bw’amahoro. Kongera imirimo yinganda zijyanye nakazi k’amahoro byabaye ikintu cyambere mubuyobozi bwa leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika na guverinoma. Iterambere ry’ubufaransa ryagize uruhare mu kwagura no guteza imbere imirimo ku Banyamerika, ryabaye imodoka yo kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu, kandi rigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu mu bihugu by’amahanga.

Gutanga francise kubacuruzi byashizeho ubundi bucuruzi bwa rwiyemezamirimo wubucuruzi, byorohereza kugarura amadovize n’amafaranga mu gihugu, hamwe n’ishoramari ritoya mu mahanga, kandi ryagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura no kuzamura izina ry’ibikoresho by’ubukungu muri Amerika. Iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amerika muri Amerika kandi ryakurikiranye inyungu za politiki, imbaraga, n’igitutu cy’amahanga, kubera kurenga imipaka y’igihugu, ubukungu bw’igihugu. Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, komisiyo ishinzwe ubucuruzi (FTC) igenzura francising kugirango ikurikirane iyubahirizwa ryamategeko ya francise. Dukurikije ibisabwa byashyizweho n’amategeko ahuriweho n’umuzingi, francisees itanga raporo zigaragaza amakuru yose yuzuye yerekeye isosiyete ishaka kubona ingingo ya francise mubutaka bwemewe no gusuzuma igereranyo cy’amafaranga yinjira, amafaranga yinjira, na gahunda y’inyungu za francise. Umubare munini w'iterambere ry'ubwoko nk'ubwo, ushyigikiwe n’amategeko akomeye ya leta na leta hamwe n’ibitekerezo byiza bya rubanda, byatumye imishinga myinshi yo kwihangira imirimo mu bucuruzi bw’ubufaransa. Reta zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zamerika, yimukiye hanze yigihugu, ikwirakwiza neza kwihangira imirimo kwisi yose.

Ubufaransa i Washington, D.C. nigikorwa gishimishije cyane kubera ko ari umurwa mukuru w’Amerika, kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye kandi bikize ku isi. Ubufaransa i Washington bugomba kuzamurwa mu buryo butubahiriza amategeko y’ibanze mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose. Ubufaransa bugomba gukoreshwa neza, kubera ko ufite umushinga wubucuruzi witeguye hamwe nikirangantego ufite, bivuze ko ugomba gusa gutegura gahunda y'ibikorwa ikosora, iyobowe nawo, ushobora kugera kubisubizo byiza mumarushanwa. Ubufaransa i Washington bukora neza kandi neza niba ukora isesengura ryiza rya swot mbere yo gutangira igikorwa, kigufasha gukora gahunda yubucuruzi nyayo.

Kurugero, isesengura rya swot nimwe mubikoresho byubukungu bikora neza kugirango ugaragaze imbaraga nintege nke byikigo cyawe.

Washington irangwa no kuba hari ba mukerarugendo benshi, ndetse n'abaturage baho bashobora kuba abakiriya. Uku kuri kugomba kwitabwaho mugihe utangiye umushinga. Abahatuye bishimiye Washington, bivuze ko udakwiye na rimwe kubabaza niba utangiye francise. Ibiranga uturere nibyifuzo byabaturage birashobora kwitabwaho ushizemo ibintu byiza cyangwa zest mubicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi. Ubufaransa bwa Washington ni ikirombe cya zahabu kidateye imbere gikeneye gusuzumwa neza no gutezwa imbere vuba bishoboka. N'ubundi kandi, francise i Washington ni umushinga wubucuruzi uhiganwa kandi mugihe ushidikanya, abatavuga rumwe na bo barashobora gufata ibyemezo byo kubona uburenganzira bwo gukora ikirango no gutangiza umushinga wabo.

Ubufaransa i Washington bugomba kugengwa namasezerano franchisee yagiranye naba francisor. Itondekanya imisanzu yose igomba gutangwa mubyiciro bitandukanye bya francise.

Porogaramu ya USU francising ibisubizo byikora ikubiyemo igitekerezo cyo gukomeza gutera imbere. Gukorera mu mucyo, guhora utanga ibitekerezo hagati ya francisor na francisee bituma uhora utezimbere ubufaransa ubwabwo hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa, uburyo bwo gutanga, politiki yo kwamamaza, gahunda yubudahemuka.