Amashirahamwe y'abana mw'isi ya none arakenewe cyane, cyane cyane bitewe nubushake buke bwibicuruzwa byabana ugereranije nibicuruzwa bikuze. Nyuma ya byose, ugomba kwemera ko abana bakeneye imyenda n'inkweto bishya cyane kuruta abakuze. Ubwa mbere, bakura vuba, kandi, icya kabiri, gutandukanwa nibikorwa byiyongereye, bihita bituma bidakoreshwa. Ababyeyi rero akenshi bagomba gusura amaduka no kuvugurura imyenda yabana babo bakunda. Byongeye kandi, gukorana nabana francises ntabwo bigarukira kumyenda ninkweto. Muri iki gihe, ubucuruzi bujyanye nimyambarire y'abana bwateye imbere cyane, bityo imifuka, imikandara, imitako, nibindi kubana birasabwa cyane.

Ibi bivuze ko ububiko bwibicuruzwa byabana cyangwa ubucuruzi bwumudugudu ucuruza byanze bikunze bizana francisee, niba bidakabije, noneho urwego rwemewe rwinyungu. Icyangombwa, byihuse bihagije muribyo bihe iyo bigeze kumurongo uzwi, wamamajwe ufite abayoboke bahoraho. Kubyerekeye umukino, nta mpamvu yo kuvuga. Ni muri urwo rwego, igitekerezo cyabakora ntigisanzwe. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibipupe, imodoka, robot, ibikoresho bitandukanye bya mashini na elegitoronike, ibikinisho byabana byigisha, nibindi birwanya gusa ibisobanuro. Kubwibyo, umubare wubufaransa butandukanye murwego rwo gutanga ibikinisho uragenda wiyongera buri mwaka.

Ku buryo butandukanye, birakwiye ko dukoraho kuri francises y'abana mubigo by'ibigo by'amashuri abanza, ibigo byita ku majyambere ndetse n’uburezi, gahunda z’indimi, ingando z’impeshyi, n’izindi serivisi zijyanye no gutunganya uburere n’uburere bw’abana. Abahanga bavuga ko buri mwaka abantu bashishikajwe n’iterambere ry’amarangamutima n’ubwenge ry’abana bigenda byiyongera cyane. Nubwo hari ibibazo, igabanuka rusange ry’amafaranga y’abaturage benshi, ubushomeri, n’ibindi, abantu biteguye gushora imari mu burezi bw’abana. Mubyukuri, imyumvire mibi yavuzwe yose igira uruhare runini muri izi nyungu, kubera ko bisanzwe biganisha ku kongera amarushanwa ku isoko ry'umurimo. Kugirango umwana agire akarusho kuri bagenzi be kandi abe umuhanga ushakishwa, ubumenyi, ubuhanga, nubushobozi bwe bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge abo bahanganye. Kubwamahirwe, ireme ryuburezi busanzwe bwishuri (hamwe namashuri makuru nayo) ryagiye rigabanuka mumyaka mirongo ishize kandi ntabwo riha abana ibyo bakeneye.

Ababyeyi benshi barabyumva muri iki gihe. Mubushobozi bwabo nubushobozi bwabo, bagerageza guha abana babo amahirwe yinyongera yo kwiga no kunguka ubumenyi bukenewe mubigo bitandukanye byuburezi, ubuhanzi, indimi, nibindi. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburezi n’uburere by’abana, amasezerano y’ubufaransa arasabwa cyane cyane, kubera ko mu rwego rw’ubufaransa, nyir'ikirango ubusanzwe atanga integanyanyigisho ziteguye, imfashanyigisho, porogaramu yihariye, ikoranabuhanga ryiga (umukino, umushinga, mudasobwa, n'ibindi. ), ibisubizo muri sisitemu yo gusuzuma, ibikoresho byongeweho, nibindi. Ni ukuvuga, inkunga yubuyobozi namakuru yamakuru yuburezi yatanzwe rwose. Byongeye kandi, akenshi abafite ibigo byuburezi byabana birabujijwe mu buryo butaziguye gukoresha mu kazi kabo ibikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga bitari ibyemejwe na francisor.

Nibyo, byinshi biterwa nibisabwa namasezerano, ariko, nkuko bisanzwe, ikiguzi cya francises biterwa nurwego rwiza rw'ibicuruzwa (ibicuruzwa na serivisi, ikoranabuhanga n'ubumenyi-buryo, imishinga y'ubucuruzi, na gahunda z'ubucuruzi) ). Niba umu francisee yiyemeje kugura francises yikirango cyamamare cyabana, niwe wambere udashishikajwe no guhindura muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose ibicuruzwa byemejwe kandi byemejwe neza no gutanga serivisi algorithm (harimo nuburezi) muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.

Mw'isi ya none, francises (harimo ibicuruzwa na serivisi byabana) iragenda ikwirakwira kandi ikenewe cyane. Ibi birasobanutse neza, kubera ko gutunganya umusaruro no gutanga serivisi zubucuruzi munsi yizina ryumuntu uzwi, usanzwe 'yazamuwe' umwe ntabwo ari bibi cyane kandi birahenze mubijyanye numutungo ugereranije nikirango cyayo, nkuko babivuga, 'kuva gushushanya '. Ntibikenewe ko ukoresha amafaranga numwanya mugushakisha isoko ryabanywanyi nibyifuzo byabaguzi, guteza imbere ikirango, gutangiza ibicuruzwa (cyangwa serivisi) kumasoko, inkunga ihoraho yubudahemuka bwabakiriya, guteza imbere no kugenzura iyubahirizwa ryibikorwa byubucuruzi, tekinike yo kugurisha, nibindi byose bimaze kuremwa, kugeragezwa mubikorwa, no kwerekana imikorere yabyo. Abaguzi basanzwe bazi ikirango (byibuze itsinda rigamije), barabyizeye, kandi ntibakeneye ikindi kimenyetso cyerekana ubuziranenge bwacyo. Birumvikana ko kurundi ruhande, hari ikiguzi.

Mbere ya byose, ugomba kwishyura francises zose (abana nabo), kubera ko tuvuga ubucuruzi butanga inyungu (ntamuntu ugura francises mumishinga idaharanira inyungu). Kwishura mbere bigenwa kandi bigenwa namasezerano ya francises. Mubyukuri, ubu ni ubwishyu bwambere bwakozwe kuburenganzira bwo kwinjira muri sisitemu yihariye ya francises. Birashobora kuba bike ugereranije na miriyoni z'amadolari kuva biterwa nigiciro cyikirango. Mugihe aho ubwishyu bwambere ari bunini bihagije, abafaransa bamwe baha abafatanyabikorwa babo amahirwe yo kuyishyura mubice. Byongeye kandi, franchisee igomba kwishyura buri kwezi.

Nkuko bisanzwe, bagenwa nkijanisha ryibicuruzwa, ariko birashobora no gukosorwa. Kubera ko abana nandi masezerano yubufaransa asinywa mugihe runaka, niba francisee ishaka kongera umubano wubucuruzi, hasinywe amasezerano mashya. Muri uru rubanza, kuvugurura amafaranga ya francise yishyurwa aho kuba iyambere. Ingano yacyo igenwa n’amasezerano y’ababuranyi kandi biterwa nimpamvu nyinshi.

Imiterere yimitungo itimukanwa - kubatiteguye gushora imari, ariko bashaka gufungura imishinga yabo. Gucunga umutungo ntibyoroshye. Isoko ryimitungo itimukanwa rihora ryaguka, inyubako nshya zirimo kubakwa vuba cyane, amazu ya kabiri ahora akenewe. Ariko biragoye cyane gufata no gufungura ikigo cyimitungo nkiyi, amarushanwa muriki gice ni menshi. Ariko, niba ukunda iki gice cyo kwihangira imirimo, ntushaka gukorera ikigo, inzira ishobora kuba kugura francise. Soma ibi bikurikira.

Ubufaransa butimukanwa ni ubuhe? Bashobora guhagararirwa n’ibigo bitimukanwa, amasosiyete yubwubatsi no kuvugurura, gukodesha, ibigo ngishwanama, ndetse bikagira ingaruka no ku masoko ya Leta. Kuki francise yimitungo itimukanwa ishimishije cyane? Nkuko bisanzwe, amasosiyete ashishikajwe no kumenyekanisha ikirango cyayo kandi yiteguye kwemera igiciro gito cyubwami no gukuraho burundu amafaranga yose. Rwiyemezamirimo asabwa gushora imari mu gukodesha ibiro, kugura ibikoresho byo mu biro, no gushaka abakozi. Nibyiza gufungura ubucuruzi bwimitungo itimukanwa muburyo bwiteguye, ni ukuvuga, nibyiza niba hari ikigo cyiteguye gikeneye kuzamurwa gusa. Nibyo niba usanzwe ufite ikigo ukaba ushaka kukiteza imbere no gukora munsi yizina rizwi. Ihitamo rizatanga umusaruro byihuse kuruta gutangiza umushinga guhera. Ni izihe nyungu za francise? Hamwe n'inkunga yuzuye itangwa na francisor.

Ntabwo umuyobozi wihariye ushinzwe kugenzura azafasha, ariko kandi nitsinda ryose ryinzobere za francisor. Iyindi nyungu nuko ubona portal yimitungo itimukanwa abakiriya naba realiste bazasura burimunsi. Kubona ubuyobozi bufatika bwo gukora ubucuruzi. Na none, francisor irashobora kugukingurira inzira zinyongera zubufatanye namabanki nabateza imbere. Kandi iyo utangijwe nisosiyete bizeye, amahirwe yawe yo gutsinda aziyongera. Abashinzwe imitungo itimukanwa bahora bakurikirana isoko, bategura ibyifuzo, bakora imirimo myinshi yo gushiraho umubano nabateza imbere. Nigute ushobora kubona francise nziza kandi ntugwe kubashuka? Ubwa mbere, ugomba gukoresha ibikoresho byishakisha byizewe.

Gushakisha francise bikorwa cyane cyane mububiko bwa interineti. Muri kataloge, urashobora guhitamo icyiciro gikwiye cyangwa ugashyiraho ahantu ho gushakisha. Na none, ibyifuzo birashobora gucika muburyo bwo kuzamuka cyangwa kumanuka kwishoramari ryasezeranijwe. Umaze gufata umwanzuro kuri francise, birakwiye ko ukora ubushakashatsi ku cyubahiro cya francisor. Ibi birashobora gukorwa binyuze mumasoko afunguye yamakuru. Kwamamara kwikirango bigomba byanze bikunze kubonwa numuntu (kandi ibi bigomba rwose kugaragara mubitangazamakuru), urashobora kandi kubona ibyasubiwemo. Mbere yo gukora amasezerano yubufaransa, witondere cyane ingingo zingenzi zamasezerano yubufatanye.

Ntugasinye amasezerano niba arimo imvugo rusange kandi idasobanutse. Kugira amahoro yuzuye mumutima, saba isosiyete kopi yinyandiko zigizwe hanyuma urebe icyemezo na numero zimpushya. Ntubone amagambo manini, wizere gusa imibare n'ibipimo. Turashobora gufasha muguhitamo francise, murutonde rwacu urahasanga ibyifuzo byose byiza, byacitse ugereranije nishoramari. Duhagarariye ibigo byamahanga ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu. Isoko ryimitungo itimukanwa rirahinduka ariko ryinjiza cyane. Umaze gukora ibishoboka byose mugitangiriro cyinzira no gusaba inkunga yumufatanyabikorwa wizewe, uzashobora gushyira inzira yawe yo gutsinda, itangirana natwe.

Franchise na franchisee nibisobanuro bifitanye isano cyane. Niba ushishikajwe na francise, noneho iyo ubonye uhinduka francisee. Ubu ni ubucuruzi bwunguka cyane, mugushyira mubikorwa ukeneye gukurikiza gusa amategeko kandi utangwa namabwiriza ya francise. Ntugomba kuzana ikintu gishya, kongera guhimba inzira yubucuruzi, gukora ibindi bikorwa bigoye. Birakenewe gusa kugura ubucuruzi bwiteguye, bwitwa francise. Umu francisee numuntu ufite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ibikoresho isosiyete ikomeye yose ikoresha mukubaka ubucuruzi.

Ntugomba kuzana ikintu icyo aricyo cyose uhereye, ukeneye gukoresha igitekerezo cyiteguye. Mubyongeyeho, izina rimaze kumenyekana, bivuze ko ibiciro byo kongera urwego rwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byagabanutse cyane.

Mu rwego rwa francise, francisee igomba kugeza kubaguzi bayo gusa ko ibiro byahagarariye ibikorwa byaho byafunguwe mukarere. Nibihendutse cyane kuruta kumenyekanisha ikirango kitazwi guhera. Ubufaransa bushobora kuba ikawa ugura hafi ya cafe mugitondo, iduka ugura, pizzeria ifite izina ryisi kandi iherereye mubaturanyi b’umuguzi waho.

Ubufaransa buri hose kandi bugenda bwiyongera mubyamamare. Ubucuruzi bwiteguye gufungura icyitegererezo cya francise yemerera francisee gushora gusa umutungo wimari waboneka muburyo bwubucuruzi bumaze kugeragezwa kandi bukora. Ukeneye gusa gushyira mubikorwa neza bitangwa na francise. Franchisee ntakintu nakimwe ishobora guhura nacyo, kubera ko hari ubucuruzi bwihishe inyuma, ikirango kizwi, uburambe bunini bwakusanyirijwe mumyaka myinshi cyangwa imyaka mirongo yibikorwa bikomeye.

Franchising irangwa nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwamamara mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose. Umuntu uhisemo kuba francisee arashobora gushora imari mumikoreshereze yimari, gushaka abakozi ukurikije ibipimo, kubaka inzira zubucuruzi, no kubona ibisubizo. Ndetse nibicuruzwa akenshi biva mubihugu bikomokamo franchise. Ibi biroroshye cyane kuko ushobora kuzigama umurimo nubutunzi. Ntabwo ari ngombwa gushyiraho ingamba cyangwa gukora ku kirango. Ibi byose bimaze kuboneka kuri wewe kandi bisigaye ni ugutangiza moderi ya biz yiteguye rwose izana umutungo wamafaranga nka bonus.

Umufaransa washoboye gukoresha neza francise yaguzwe, ahabwa igice kinini cyumutungo wamafaranga afite. Ingingo ya franchise iganirwaho muburyo butaziguye nuwabitanze kandi birashobora kuba bitandukanye. Kurugero, urashobora guhora ukuramo umugabane winyungu, cyangwa urashobora kumvikana kubindi bisabwa, byose biterwa na nyir'ikimenyetso cyakoreshejwe.

Birahagije gusa kugura francise no gukoresha uburambe bwose bwungutse nabasekuruza babanjirije abantu iyo bigeze kubirango bishaje. Ugomba kwitonda cyane ukirinda amakosa kuko ibitagenda neza mugushinga francise birashobora kugaragara hanyuma francisee yakira ibibazo aho kubyunguka. Ariko ibi ntabwo aribintu bisanzwe cyane, kubwibyo, ugomba kwibanda kubikorwa byukuri byo mubikorwa byo mubiro.

Kurikiza francise no kongeramo ibyongeweho murwego rwo guhatanira isosiyete yawe. Nyuma ya byose, francises nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwaho, mugihe, urugero, muri McDonald bagurisha pancake niba iherereye muburusiya. Niba francise ihuye na McDonald ifunguye kubutaka bwa Qazaqistan, noneho cafe-ibiryo byihuse itanga amahitamo ya burger arimo inyama zifarashi kubaturage.

Ikigo cyimitungo itimukanwa ni umushinga ufite akamaro kandi utinyuka cyane. Kugirango rero mugihe cyo kuyishyira mubikorwa ntugomba guhura ningorane zimiterere idashobora kurenga, ubishoboye ukore imyiteguro mubyiciro byambere. Iremera kugabanya ingaruka francise yawe ihura nazo. Ugomba gukora igenamigambi neza ukoresheje igikoresho cyitwa gusesengura swot. Hifashishijwe isesengura rya swot, urashobora kumva ingaruka zishobora kubangamira francise. Ikigo cyawe nacyo gifite imbaraga nintege nke zacyo.

Iki gikoresho cyiza cyane kigufasha kumenya, gutondekanya no kubikoresha. Nyuma ya byose, kuboneka kwamakuru araguha amahirwe yo kurwanya rwose abanywanyi, kuba rwiyemezamirimo watsinze kandi ubishoboye. Niba ugurisha imitungo itimukanwa mubigo, noneho francise igufasha gukora ibikorwa imbaraga nimbaraga nyinshi zishoboka. Nyuma ya byose, uyobowe namabwiriza, amagambo agezweho, hamwe nibihinduka nyabyo. Nibyiza cyane, bivuze ko amahirwe nkaya adakwiye kwirengagizwa. Umutungo utimukanwa ukenewe, ikigo cyawe cya franchise gishobora kugera kurwego rushya rwumwuga. Byose bibaho bitewe nuko francisor isangira nawe uburambe.

Mubyukuri, birakenewe kumenya ubumenyi wakiriye. Imikoreshereze yabo myiza yongerera amahirwe yo gutsinda amarushanwa.

Koresha francise kugirango woroshye ibikorwa byawe byubucuruzi. Birakenewe kandi gukora mu buryo bwikora, kubona urwego rwo hejuru rwunguka rwibikorwa. Isambu yawe itimukanwa itanga ubwishingizi bwuzuye kubucuruzi bwawe. Birashoboka guhangana byoroshye ninshingano zuburyo ubwo aribwo bwose no kuzikora neza bishoboka. Murwego rwa francise, ikigo gikora cyane kuruta niba wakoze ibikorwa kubwigenga. Nyuma ya byose, urimo ukora ukurikije ibintu bya rwiyemezamirimo watsinze.

Amaze kubona amafaranga ye kandi yazanye urwego rwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bye kumwanya munini. Abaguzi kwisi yose bazi francise yimitungo itimukanwa. Ndetse no mu mujyi wawe, urwego rwo kumenyekanisha ikirango rwari rwinshi, na mbere yuko winjira ku isoko nkumucuruzi wihariye. Kubwibyo, uwo muntu afite byinshi byo kwiga kandi amahirwe nkaya ntagomba kubura. Mugihe cyo gushyira mubikorwa francise yikigo cyimitungo itimukanwa, ingorane zitandukanye zirashobora kuvuka. Birashobora kuneshwa byoroshye ukoresheje gahunda yubucuruzi yashizweho mbere. Iyi nyandiko urutonde rwibikorwa byose ukeneye gukora.

Kora neza kandi ubuhanga, bityo wihe inyungu nziza muguhangana kurushanwa. Urashobora gutsinda urugamba n'amanota ateye ubwoba kubarwanya kuko ufite ibyiza bitandukanye byurutonde rwiza. Byose bibaho bitewe nuko ukora ibikorwa byikigo cyimitungo itimukanwa.

Usibye umubare munini wibyiza, kuba umugabuzi kubintu bitimukanwa byimitungo itimukanwa, uranatanga ikiguzi runaka. Kurugero, kurwego rwambere, iyi ni igabanywa rimwe. Ingano yacyo akenshi iratandukanye, ariko, nkuko bisanzwe, ntishobora kuba munsi ya 9 na hejuru ya 11% yintererano yambere. Ishoramari ryishura vuba cyane, ntugire ikibazo. Byongeye, mugihe cyo gukora francise, ugomba kwishyura buri kwezi kuva 3 kugeza 9%. Ibi ni ibice bibiri, buri kimwe kibarwa ku muntu ku giti cye.

Igice cya mbere cyitwa royalties. Iyo ugurisha francise, iri hagati ya 2 na 6%. Aya mafranga abarwa nkijanisha ryamafaranga yakiriwe mukwezi. Byongeye, mugihe cyo gushyira mubikorwa ikigo cyimitungo itimukanwa, ikindi gice gitangwa. Yitwa amafaranga yo kwamamaza. Aya mafranga akoreshwa naba francisor kugirango bahore bongera urwego rwo gukundwa kwikirango. Byongeye kandi, ubukangurambaga bwamamaza bukorwa kwisi yose kugirango bugere kubantu benshi bashoboka.

Kubwibyo, ikigo cyimitungo itimukanwa kiziyongera mubyamamare kandi gikurura abakiriya benshi. Urakira kandi inyungu itaziguye ivuye muribi, kuko mubutaka bwumujyi wawe franchise ikura mubyamamare.